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Effects of electrical discharges on the Mars´ atmosphere
Fojtíková, Nikola ; Horák, Jakub (referee) ; Kozáková, Zdenka (advisor)
The aim of this thesis was to study the effects of electric discharge on the atmosphere simu-lating conditions on Mars. This bachelor thesis is focused on simulation of Mars atmosphere at atmospheric pressure and normal laboratory temperature. Mars's atmosphere was more like Earth in the past. Mars is mostly composed of carbon dioxide, which accounts for more than 90% of Mars' atmosphere. To study the Mars atmosphere simulation, glow discharge generated in the reactor at atmospheric pressure was used at a CO2 flow (100 sccm) and dis-charge current of 20, 30 and 40 mA. A part of the measurements was focused on the influ-ence of hydrogen addition at different flow rates. The measurement time course with differ-ent measurement changes was also recorded. Reaction products were analysed using a pro-ton ion mass spectrometer and a flight time analyser. A high amount of aliphatic hydrocar-bons and their derivates, especially alcohols, was detected as well as several cyclic struc-tures. The main products identified in all experiments with a substantial concentration were molecules of ethen, ethane, ethanol, acetone, pentane, benzene and others.
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Diagnostics of plasma generated in the atmosphere simulating Mars
Fojtíková, Nikola ; RNDr. Martin Ferus, Ph.D., (referee) ; Kozáková, Zdenka (advisor)
The aim of the diploma thesis was the diagnostics of plasma generated in the atmosphere simulating conditions on Mars. This diploma thesis is focused on the simulation of Mars’ atmosphere at atmospheric pressure and normal laboratory temperature. Due to the similar conditions of Mars' atmosphere with Earth, this planet has been explored in the past as well as up to now. Mars' atmosphere is composed mostly of carbon dioxide, which makes up more than 90 % of Mars' atmosphere. A glow discharge generated in a special reactor at atmospheric pressure at a flow of pure CO2 was used to simulate the atmosphere of Mars. Part of the measurement was performed only in pure CO2 with changing current of 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 mA. Part of the measurements was focused on the study of the effect of the addition of various gases, such as nitrogen, hydrogen and methane, at changes in their flow rates of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 sccm. The products formed in the special reactor were analysed using a mass spectrometer with proton ionization and with a flight time analyser. Optical emission spectrometry was used for plasma diagnostics and composition. Mainly simple aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones were detected. With increasing flow rates of the individual gases, more complex aromatic compounds with higher molecular weights were formed. Corresponding mass and optical emission spectra were measured simultaneously.
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Influence of water vapor on electrical discharge initiated processes in prebiotic atmospheres
Moravčík, Marek ; Chudják, Stanislav (referee) ; Krčma, František (advisor)
The aim of this work is to study the influence of water molecules on chemical processes initiated by electrical discharges in probiotic atmospheres. This work is focused on the simulation of nitrogen atmosphere and carbon dioxide atmosphere. These gases were chosen because they represent the main components of some known atmospheres (N2 the moon Titan, CO2 the planet Mars). A glow discharge generated in a special reactor at atmospheric pressure and a flow of pure N2 or CO2 was used for the simulation. Part of the measurement took place only in pure gas, into which water vapor with a flow rate of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 sccm was gradually introduced. In the second part of the measurement, the influence of admixtures was studied. In the case of an N2 atmosphere, methane flow rates of 2 and 4 sccm were used. In the case of an atmosphere with CO2, the nitrogen flow is 2 and 4 sccm. Again, the analysis of the effect of water was carried out for all created atmospheres. The products formed were analysed using proton ionization mass spectrometry and a time-of-flight analyser. Simple aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes and ketones were detected. As the number of additives increased, more complex aromatic substances were also formed. At the same time, plasma diagnostics was carried out using optical emission spectroscopy.
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Diagnostics of plasma generated in the atmosphere simulating Mars
Fojtíková, Nikola ; RNDr. Martin Ferus, Ph.D., (referee) ; Kozáková, Zdenka (advisor)
The aim of the diploma thesis was the diagnostics of plasma generated in the atmosphere simulating conditions on Mars. This diploma thesis is focused on the simulation of Mars’ atmosphere at atmospheric pressure and normal laboratory temperature. Due to the similar conditions of Mars' atmosphere with Earth, this planet has been explored in the past as well as up to now. Mars' atmosphere is composed mostly of carbon dioxide, which makes up more than 90 % of Mars' atmosphere. A glow discharge generated in a special reactor at atmospheric pressure at a flow of pure CO2 was used to simulate the atmosphere of Mars. Part of the measurement was performed only in pure CO2 with changing current of 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 mA. Part of the measurements was focused on the study of the effect of the addition of various gases, such as nitrogen, hydrogen and methane, at changes in their flow rates of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 sccm. The products formed in the special reactor were analysed using a mass spectrometer with proton ionization and with a flight time analyser. Optical emission spectrometry was used for plasma diagnostics and composition. Mainly simple aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones were detected. With increasing flow rates of the individual gases, more complex aromatic compounds with higher molecular weights were formed. Corresponding mass and optical emission spectra were measured simultaneously.
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Effects of electrical discharges on the Mars´ atmosphere
Fojtíková, Nikola ; Horák, Jakub (referee) ; Kozáková, Zdenka (advisor)
The aim of this thesis was to study the effects of electric discharge on the atmosphere simu-lating conditions on Mars. This bachelor thesis is focused on simulation of Mars atmosphere at atmospheric pressure and normal laboratory temperature. Mars's atmosphere was more like Earth in the past. Mars is mostly composed of carbon dioxide, which accounts for more than 90% of Mars' atmosphere. To study the Mars atmosphere simulation, glow discharge generated in the reactor at atmospheric pressure was used at a CO2 flow (100 sccm) and dis-charge current of 20, 30 and 40 mA. A part of the measurements was focused on the influ-ence of hydrogen addition at different flow rates. The measurement time course with differ-ent measurement changes was also recorded. Reaction products were analysed using a pro-ton ion mass spectrometer and a flight time analyser. A high amount of aliphatic hydrocar-bons and their derivates, especially alcohols, was detected as well as several cyclic struc-tures. The main products identified in all experiments with a substantial concentration were molecules of ethen, ethane, ethanol, acetone, pentane, benzene and others.
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